Do our own buffering for SafeOFStream

28 files changed, 126 insertions, 64 deletions

diff --git a/paludis/command_output_manager.cc b/paludis/command_output_manager.cc
index 19a0c7756..34a14b90a 100644
--- a/paludis/command_output_manager.cc
+++ b/paludis/command_output_manager.cc
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ CommandOutputManager::CommandOutputManager(const std::string & s, const std::str
     if (0 != ::close(_imp->stdout_pipe->read_fd()))
         throw CommandOutputManagerError("close stdout_pipe read_fd failed");
     _imp->stdout_pipe->clear_read_fd();
-    _imp->stdout_stream.reset(new SafeOFStream(_imp->stdout_pipe->write_fd()));
+    _imp->stdout_stream.reset(new SafeOFStream(_imp->stdout_pipe->write_fd(), false));
 
     _imp->stderr_pipe.reset(new Pipe(true));
     _imp->stderr_process.reset(new Process(ProcessCommand(_imp->stderr_command)));
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ CommandOutputManager::CommandOutputManager(const std::string & s, const std::str
     if (0 != ::close(_imp->stderr_pipe->read_fd()))
         throw CommandOutputManagerError("close stderr_pipe read_fd failed");
     _imp->stderr_pipe->clear_read_fd();
-    _imp->stderr_stream.reset(new SafeOFStream(_imp->stderr_pipe->write_fd()));
+    _imp->stderr_stream.reset(new SafeOFStream(_imp->stderr_pipe->write_fd(), false));
 }
 
 CommandOutputManager::~CommandOutputManager()
diff --git a/paludis/environments/paludis/world.cc b/paludis/environments/paludis/world.cc
index 79e865da1..2ffd2d1a1 100644
--- a/paludis/environments/paludis/world.cc
+++ b/paludis/environments/paludis/world.cc
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ World::_add_string_to_world(const std::string & n) const
     {
         try
         {
-            SafeOFStream f(*_imp->maybe_world_file);
+            SafeOFStream f(*_imp->maybe_world_file, -1, true);
         }
         catch (const SafeOFStreamError & e)
         {
diff --git a/paludis/environments/portage/portage_environment.cc b/paludis/environments/portage/portage_environment.cc
index 0c0510adb..597640d56 100644
--- a/paludis/environments/portage/portage_environment.cc
+++ b/paludis/environments/portage/portage_environment.cc
@@ -917,7 +917,7 @@ PortageEnvironment::_add_string_to_world(const std::string & s) const
     {
         try
         {
-            SafeOFStream f(_imp->world_file);
+            SafeOFStream f(_imp->world_file, -1, true);
         }
         catch (const SafeOFStreamError & e)
         {
diff --git a/paludis/file_output_manager.cc b/paludis/file_output_manager.cc
index d7bab19bc..ce49109b6 100644
--- a/paludis/file_output_manager.cc
+++ b/paludis/file_output_manager.cc
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ namespace paludis
                 const std::string & s
                 ) :
             filename(o),
-            stream(std::make_shared<SafeOFStream>(filename)),
+            stream(std::make_shared<SafeOFStream>(filename, -1, true)),
             keep_on_success(k),
             keep_on_empty(l),
             summary_output_manager(m),
diff --git a/paludis/ipc_output_manager.cc b/paludis/ipc_output_manager.cc
index 2465df555..5477cc518 100644
--- a/paludis/ipc_output_manager.cc
+++ b/paludis/ipc_output_manager.cc
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ namespace paludis
         std::shared_ptr<SafeOFStream> pipe_command_write_stream;
 
         Imp(int r, int w) :
-            pipe_command_write_stream(std::make_shared<SafeOFStream>(w))
+            pipe_command_write_stream(std::make_shared<SafeOFStream>(w, false))
         {
             *pipe_command_write_stream << "PING 1 GOAT" << '\0' << std::flush;
 
@@ -94,8 +94,8 @@ IPCOutputManager::IPCOutputManager(const int r, const int w, const CreateOutputM
         throw InternalError(PALUDIS_HERE, "got response '" + response + "'");
 
     int stdout_fd(destringify<int>(tokens[2])), stderr_fd(destringify<int>(tokens[3]));
-    _imp->stdout_stream = std::make_shared<SafeOFStream>(stdout_fd);
-    _imp->stderr_stream = std::make_shared<SafeOFStream>(stderr_fd);
+    _imp->stdout_stream = std::make_shared<SafeOFStream>(stdout_fd, false);
+    _imp->stderr_stream = std::make_shared<SafeOFStream>(stderr_fd, false);
 
     if (0 != ::fcntl(stdout_fd, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC))
         throw InternalError(PALUDIS_HERE, "fcntl failed");
diff --git a/paludis/ndbam.cc b/paludis/ndbam.cc
index 7092defcb..4173c39fe 100644
--- a/paludis/ndbam.cc
+++ b/paludis/ndbam.cc
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ NDBAM::NDBAM(const FSPath & l,
         (l / "indices" / "categories").mkdir(0755, { fspmkdo_ok_if_exists });
         (l / "indices" / "packages").mkdir(0755, { fspmkdo_ok_if_exists });
         (l / "data").mkdir(0755, { fspmkdo_ok_if_exists });
-        SafeOFStream n(l / "ndbam.conf");
+        SafeOFStream n(l / "ndbam.conf", -1, true);
         n << "ndbam_format = 1" << std::endl;
         n << "repository_format = " << preferred_format << std::endl;
         if (! n)
diff --git a/paludis/ndbam_merger.cc b/paludis/ndbam_merger.cc
index 3458cbfda..4caa7dd41 100644
--- a/paludis/ndbam_merger.cc
+++ b/paludis/ndbam_merger.cc
@@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ void
 NDBAMMerger::merge()
 {
     display_override(">>> Merging to " + stringify(_imp->params.root()));
-    _imp->contents_file = std::make_shared<SafeOFStream>(_imp->params.contents_file());
+    _imp->contents_file = std::make_shared<SafeOFStream>(_imp->params.contents_file(), -1, false);
     FSMerger::merge();
 }
 
diff --git a/paludis/repositories/e/e_repository.cc b/paludis/repositories/e/e_repository.cc
index 0663f570b..cf1bfb9b4 100644
--- a/paludis/repositories/e/e_repository.cc
+++ b/paludis/repositories/e/e_repository.cc
@@ -1096,7 +1096,7 @@ ERepository::make_manifest(const QualifiedPackageName & qpn)
     FSPath package_dir = _imp->layout->package_directory(qpn);
 
     FSPath(package_dir / "Manifest").unlink();
-    SafeOFStream manifest(FSPath(package_dir / "Manifest"));
+    SafeOFStream manifest(FSPath(package_dir / "Manifest"), -1, true);
     if (! manifest)
         throw ERepositoryConfigurationError("Couldn't open Manifest for writing.");
 
@@ -1999,7 +1999,7 @@ ERepository::merge(const MergeParams & m)
 
     if (! has_category_named(m.package_id()->name().category()))
     {
-        SafeOFStream s(_imp->layout->categories_file(), O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | O_CLOEXEC | O_APPEND);
+        SafeOFStream s(_imp->layout->categories_file(), O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | O_CLOEXEC | O_APPEND, true);
         s << m.package_id()->name().category() << std::endl;
     }
 }
diff --git a/paludis/repositories/e/e_repository_news.cc b/paludis/repositories/e/e_repository_news.cc
index fd17dc074..da7df1e91 100644
--- a/paludis/repositories/e/e_repository_news.cc
+++ b/paludis/repositories/e/e_repository_news.cc
@@ -220,13 +220,13 @@ ERepositoryNews::update_news() const
             {
                 Context update_context("When updating skip and unread files:");
 
-                SafeOFStream s(_imp->skip_file, O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | O_APPEND);
+                SafeOFStream s(_imp->skip_file, O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | O_APPEND, false);
                 if (! s)
                     Log::get_instance()->message("e.news.skip_file.append_failure", ll_warning, lc_no_context) <<
                         "Cannot append to news skip file '" << _imp->skip_file <<
                         "', skipping news item '" << *d << "'";
 
-                SafeOFStream t(_imp->unread_file, O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | O_APPEND);
+                SafeOFStream t(_imp->unread_file, O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | O_APPEND, false);
                 if (! t)
                     Log::get_instance()->message("e.news.unread_file.append_failure", ll_warning, lc_no_context) <<
                         "Cannot append to unread file '" << _imp->unread_file <<
diff --git a/paludis/repositories/e/ebuild_flat_metadata_cache.cc b/paludis/repositories/e/ebuild_flat_metadata_cache.cc
index 8b5dc7a2e..4c85e8a20 100644
--- a/paludis/repositories/e/ebuild_flat_metadata_cache.cc
+++ b/paludis/repositories/e/ebuild_flat_metadata_cache.cc
@@ -881,7 +881,7 @@ EbuildFlatMetadataCache::save(const std::shared_ptr<const EbuildID> & id)
     try
     {
         {
-            SafeOFStream cache_file(_imp->filename);
+            SafeOFStream cache_file(_imp->filename, -1, true);
             cache_file << cache.str();
         }
         _imp->filename.utime(Timestamp(_imp->ebuild_stat.mtim().seconds(), 0));
diff --git a/paludis/repositories/e/vdb_merger.cc b/paludis/repositories/e/vdb_merger.cc
index 492179bab..fb315cd75 100644
--- a/paludis/repositories/e/vdb_merger.cc
+++ b/paludis/repositories/e/vdb_merger.cc
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ void
 VDBMerger::merge()
 {
     display_override(">>> Merging to " + stringify(_imp->params.root()));
-    _imp->contents_file = std::make_shared<SafeOFStream>(_imp->params.contents_file());
+    _imp->contents_file = std::make_shared<SafeOFStream>(_imp->params.contents_file(), -1, false);
     FSMerger::merge();
 }
 
diff --git a/paludis/repositories/e/vdb_repository.cc b/paludis/repositories/e/vdb_repository.cc
index ec62c2f08..7f4ae5f5f 100644
--- a/paludis/repositories/e/vdb_repository.cc
+++ b/paludis/repositories/e/vdb_repository.cc
@@ -799,7 +799,7 @@ VDBRepository::write_provides_cache() const
 
     try
     {
-        SafeOFStream f(_imp->params.provides_cache());
+        SafeOFStream f(_imp->params.provides_cache(), -1, true);
 
         f << "paludis-3" << std::endl;
         f << name() << std::endl;
@@ -1292,7 +1292,7 @@ namespace
         if (v.changed)
         {
             std::cout << "    Rewriting " << f << std::endl;
-            SafeOFStream ff(f);
+            SafeOFStream ff(f, -1, true);
             ff << v.str.str() << std::endl;
         }
 
@@ -1512,7 +1512,7 @@ VDBRepository::perform_updates()
                     std::shared_ptr<const EAPI> eapi(std::static_pointer_cast<const VDBID>(m->first)->eapi());
                     if (eapi->supported())
                     {
-                        SafeOFStream pf(to_dir / eapi->supported()->ebuild_environment_variables()->env_pf());
+                        SafeOFStream pf(to_dir / eapi->supported()->ebuild_environment_variables()->env_pf(), -1, true);
                         pf << newpf << std::endl;
                     }
                     else
@@ -1522,7 +1522,7 @@ VDBRepository::perform_updates()
                             << "', cannot update PF-equivalent VDB key for move";
                     }
 
-                    SafeOFStream category(to_dir / "CATEGORY");
+                    SafeOFStream category(to_dir / "CATEGORY", -1, true);
                     category << m->second.category() << std::endl;
 
                     if (newpf != oldpf)
@@ -1546,7 +1546,7 @@ VDBRepository::perform_updates()
             {
                 std::cout << "    " << *m->first << " to " << m->second << std::endl;
 
-                SafeOFStream f(m->first->fs_location_key()->value() / "SLOT");
+                SafeOFStream f(m->first->fs_location_key()->value() / "SLOT", -1, true);
                 f << m->second << std::endl;
             }
         }
@@ -1604,7 +1604,7 @@ VDBRepository::perform_updates()
         if (! failed)
         {
             cache_dir.mkdir(0755, { fspmkdo_ok_if_exists });
-            SafeOFStream cache_file_f(cache_file);
+            SafeOFStream cache_file_f(cache_file, -1, true);
             for (std::map<FSPath, std::time_t, FSPathComparator>::const_iterator it(update_timestamps.begin()),
                      it_end(update_timestamps.end()); it_end != it; ++it)
                 cache_file_f << it->second << '\t' << it->first << std::endl;
diff --git a/paludis/repositories/repository/repository_repository.cc b/paludis/repositories/repository/repository_repository.cc
index fad366aab..95949ca62 100644
--- a/paludis/repositories/repository/repository_repository.cc
+++ b/paludis/repositories/repository/repository_repository.cc
@@ -473,7 +473,7 @@ RepositoryRepository::merge(const MergeParams & m)
             std::string data((std::istreambuf_iterator<char>(config_template_input)), std::istreambuf_iterator<char>());
             data = replace_vars(data, repo_sync, repo_format, repo_name);
 
-            SafeOFStream config_filename_output(config_filename_file);
+            SafeOFStream config_filename_output(config_filename_file, -1, true);
             config_filename_output << data;
         }
 
diff --git a/paludis/repositories/unpackaged/installed_repository.cc b/paludis/repositories/unpackaged/installed_repository.cc
index 771613fee..fd4350cc5 100644
--- a/paludis/repositories/unpackaged/installed_repository.cc
+++ b/paludis/repositories/unpackaged/installed_repository.cc
@@ -332,26 +332,26 @@ InstalledUnpackagedRepository::merge(const MergeParams & m)
     target_ver_dir.mkdir(0755, { });
 
     {
-        SafeOFStream source_repository_file(target_ver_dir / "source_repository");
+        SafeOFStream source_repository_file(target_ver_dir / "source_repository", -1, true);
         source_repository_file << m.package_id()->repository()->name() << std::endl;
     }
 
     if (m.package_id()->short_description_key())
     {
-        SafeOFStream description_file(target_ver_dir / "description");
+        SafeOFStream description_file(target_ver_dir / "description", -1, true);
         description_file << m.package_id()->short_description_key()->value() << std::endl;
     }
 
     if (m.package_id()->build_dependencies_key())
     {
-        SafeOFStream build_dependencies_file(target_ver_dir / "build_dependencies");
+        SafeOFStream build_dependencies_file(target_ver_dir / "build_dependencies", -1, true);
         StringifyFormatter f;
         build_dependencies_file << m.package_id()->build_dependencies_key()->pretty_print_flat(f) << std::endl;
     }
 
     if (m.package_id()->run_dependencies_key())
     {
-        SafeOFStream run_dependencies_file(target_ver_dir / "run_dependencies");
+        SafeOFStream run_dependencies_file(target_ver_dir / "run_dependencies", -1, true);
         StringifyFormatter f;
         run_dependencies_file << m.package_id()->run_dependencies_key()->pretty_print_flat(f) << std::endl;
     }
diff --git a/paludis/repository_name_cache.cc b/paludis/repository_name_cache.cc
index 27e76a810..fa17968e1 100644
--- a/paludis/repository_name_cache.cc
+++ b/paludis/repository_name_cache.cc
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ Imp<RepositoryNameCache>::update(const PackageNamePart & p, NameCacheMap::iterat
 
     try
     {
-        SafeOFStream f(ff);
+        SafeOFStream f(ff, -1, true);
 
         for (std::set<CategoryNamePart>::const_iterator it(r->second.begin()),
                  it_end(r->second.end()); it_end != it; ++it)
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ RepositoryNameCache::regenerate_cache() const
     {
         try
         {
-            SafeOFStream f(_imp->location / stringify(e->first));
+            SafeOFStream f(_imp->location / stringify(e->first), -1, true);
             f << e->second;
         }
         catch (const SafeOFStreamError & ee)
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ RepositoryNameCache::regenerate_cache() const
 
     try
     {
-        SafeOFStream f(_imp->location / "_VERSION_");;
+        SafeOFStream f(_imp->location / "_VERSION_", -1, true);;
         f << "paludis-2" << std::endl;
         f << _imp->repo->name() << std::endl;
     }
diff --git a/paludis/set_file.cc b/paludis/set_file.cc
index b2bc0e38c..f6a36bca4 100644
--- a/paludis/set_file.cc
+++ b/paludis/set_file.cc
@@ -422,7 +422,7 @@ SimpleHandler::rewrite() const
 
     try
     {
-        SafeOFStream f(_p.file_name());
+        SafeOFStream f(_p.file_name(), -1, true);
 
         for (std::list<std::string>::const_iterator i(_lines.begin()), i_end(_lines.end()) ;
                 i != i_end ; ++i)
@@ -515,7 +515,7 @@ PaludisConfHandler::rewrite() const
 
     try
     {
-        SafeOFStream f(_p.file_name());
+        SafeOFStream f(_p.file_name(), -1, true);
 
         for (std::list<std::string>::const_iterator i(_lines.begin()), i_end(_lines.end()) ;
                 i != i_end ; ++i)
diff --git a/paludis/sohooks_TEST.cc b/paludis/sohooks_TEST.cc
index ff6d37035..04ae277c7 100644
--- a/paludis/sohooks_TEST.cc
+++ b/paludis/sohooks_TEST.cc
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ namespace
     HookResult
     ordering_run(const Environment *, const Hook &)
     {
-        SafeOFStream f(FSPath("hooker_TEST_dir/ordering.out"), O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | O_APPEND);
+        SafeOFStream f(FSPath("hooker_TEST_dir/ordering.out"), O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | O_APPEND, false);
         f << "sohook" << std::endl;
         return make_named_values<HookResult>(n::max_exit_status() = 0, n::output() = "");
     }
diff --git a/paludis/util/process.cc b/paludis/util/process.cc
index 8778d4725..63366ef24 100644
--- a/paludis/util/process.cc
+++ b/paludis/util/process.cc
@@ -531,7 +531,7 @@ Process::run()
             thread->prefix_stdout = _imp->prefix_stdout;
             if (! _imp->capture_stdout)
             {
-                thread->own_capture_stdout.reset(new SafeOFStream(STDOUT_FILENO));
+                thread->own_capture_stdout.reset(new SafeOFStream(STDOUT_FILENO, false));
                 _imp->capture_stdout = thread->own_capture_stdout.get();
             }
         }
@@ -541,7 +541,7 @@ Process::run()
             thread->prefix_stderr = _imp->prefix_stderr;
             if (! _imp->capture_stderr)
             {
-                thread->own_capture_stderr.reset(new SafeOFStream(STDERR_FILENO));
+                thread->own_capture_stderr.reset(new SafeOFStream(STDERR_FILENO, false));
                 _imp->capture_stderr = thread->own_capture_stderr.get();
             }
         }
diff --git a/paludis/util/process_TEST.cc b/paludis/util/process_TEST.cc
index 294d0238b..518cd0ccc 100644
--- a/paludis/util/process_TEST.cc
+++ b/paludis/util/process_TEST.cc
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ namespace test_cases
 
             {
                 {
-                    SafeOFStream s(input_pipe->write_fd());
+                    SafeOFStream s(input_pipe->write_fd(), true);
                     s << "backwards" << std::endl;
                 }
                 TEST_CHECK(0 == ::close(input_pipe->write_fd()));
diff --git a/paludis/util/safe_ofstream.cc b/paludis/util/safe_ofstream.cc
index 4ebc11795..85d84a5ac 100644
--- a/paludis/util/safe_ofstream.cc
+++ b/paludis/util/safe_ofstream.cc
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 
 #include <paludis/util/safe_ofstream.hh>
 #include <paludis/util/stringify.hh>
+#include <paludis/util/pimp-impl.hh>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
@@ -28,36 +29,86 @@
 
 using namespace paludis;
 
-SafeOFStreamBuf::SafeOFStreamBuf(const int f) :
+namespace paludis
+{
+    template <>
+    struct Imp<SafeOFStreamBuf>
+    {
+        std::shared_ptr<std::string> buffered_text;
+    };
+}
+
+SafeOFStreamBuf::SafeOFStreamBuf(const int f, const bool buffer) :
+    Pimp<SafeOFStreamBuf>(),
     fd(f)
 {
+    if (buffer)
+        _imp->buffered_text = std::make_shared<std::string>();
+}
+
+SafeOFStreamBuf::~SafeOFStreamBuf()
+{
 }
 
 SafeOFStreamBuf::int_type
 SafeOFStreamBuf::overflow(int_type c)
 {
-    if (c != traits_type::eof())
+    if (_imp->buffered_text)
+    {
+        _imp->buffered_text->append(1, c);
+        if (_imp->buffered_text->length() >= 4096)
+            write_buffered();
+    }
+    else
     {
-        char z = c;
-        if (1 != write(fd, &z, 1))
-            return traits_type::eof();
+        if (c != traits_type::eof())
+        {
+            char z = c;
+            if (1 != write(fd, &z, 1))
+                return traits_type::eof();
+        }
     }
+
     return c;
 }
 
 std::streamsize
 SafeOFStreamBuf::xsputn(const char * s, std::streamsize num)
 {
-    return write(fd, s, num);
+    if (_imp->buffered_text)
+    {
+        _imp->buffered_text->append(s, num);
+        if (_imp->buffered_text->length() >= 4096)
+            write_buffered();
+
+        return num;
+    }
+    else
+        return write(fd, s, num);
+}
+
+void
+SafeOFStreamBuf::write_buffered()
+{
+    if (! _imp->buffered_text)
+        return;
+
+    while (! _imp->buffered_text->empty())
+    {
+        int n(::write(fd, _imp->buffered_text->data(), _imp->buffered_text->length()));
+        if (-1 == n)
+            throw SafeOFStreamError("Write to fd " + stringify(fd) + " failed");
+        _imp->buffered_text->erase(0, n);
+    }
 }
 
-SafeOFStreamBase::SafeOFStreamBase(const int f) :
-    buf(f)
+SafeOFStreamBase::SafeOFStreamBase(const int f, const bool b) :
+    buf(f, b)
 {
 }
 
-SafeOFStream::SafeOFStream(const int f) :
-    SafeOFStreamBase(f),
+SafeOFStream::SafeOFStream(const int f, const bool buffer) :
+    SafeOFStreamBase(f, buffer),
     std::ostream(&buf),
     _close(false)
 {
@@ -80,8 +131,8 @@ namespace
     }
 }
 
-SafeOFStream::SafeOFStream(const FSPath & p, const int open_flags) :
-    SafeOFStreamBase(check_open_path(p, open_flags)),
+SafeOFStream::SafeOFStream(const FSPath & p, const int open_flags, const bool b) :
+    SafeOFStreamBase(check_open_path(p, open_flags), b),
     std::ostream(&buf),
     _close(true)
 {
@@ -89,6 +140,8 @@ SafeOFStream::SafeOFStream(const FSPath & p, const int open_flags) :
 
 SafeOFStream::~SafeOFStream()
 {
+    buf.write_buffered();
+
     if (_close)
         ::close(buf.fd);
 
@@ -101,3 +154,5 @@ SafeOFStreamError::SafeOFStreamError(const std::string & s) throw () :
 {
 }
 
+template class Pimp<SafeOFStreamBuf>;
+
diff --git a/paludis/util/safe_ofstream.hh b/paludis/util/safe_ofstream.hh
index 274ffe96e..ace9c9b6e 100644
--- a/paludis/util/safe_ofstream.hh
+++ b/paludis/util/safe_ofstream.hh
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 #include <paludis/util/attributes.hh>
 #include <paludis/util/exception.hh>
 #include <paludis/util/fs_path-fwd.hh>
+#include <paludis/util/pimp.hh>
 #include <ostream>
 
 /** \file
@@ -48,6 +49,7 @@ namespace paludis
      * \since 0.34.3
      */
     class PALUDIS_VISIBLE SafeOFStreamBuf :
+        private Pimp<SafeOFStreamBuf>,
         public std::streambuf
     {
         protected:
@@ -61,10 +63,13 @@ namespace paludis
             ///\name Basic operations
             ///\{
 
-            SafeOFStreamBuf(const int f);
+            SafeOFStreamBuf(const int f, const bool buffer);
+            ~SafeOFStreamBuf();
 
             ///\}
 
+            void write_buffered();
+
             /// Our file descriptor.
             int fd;
     };
@@ -85,7 +90,7 @@ namespace paludis
             ///\name Basic operations
             ///\{
 
-            SafeOFStreamBase(const int fd);
+            SafeOFStreamBase(const int fd, const bool buffer);
 
             ///\}
     };
@@ -108,8 +113,8 @@ namespace paludis
             ///\name Basic operations
             ///\{
 
-            explicit SafeOFStream(const int fd);
-            explicit SafeOFStream(const FSPath &, const int open_flags = -1);
+            SafeOFStream(const int fd, const bool buffer);
+            SafeOFStream(const FSPath &, const int open_flags, const bool buffer);
             ~SafeOFStream();
 
             ///\}
@@ -127,6 +132,8 @@ namespace paludis
         public:
             SafeOFStreamError(const std::string &) throw ();
     };
+
+    extern template class Pimp<SafeOFStreamBuf>;
 }
 
 #endif
diff --git a/paludis/util/safe_ofstream_TEST.cc b/paludis/util/safe_ofstream_TEST.cc
index 05c1fb7ff..5bb598668 100644
--- a/paludis/util/safe_ofstream_TEST.cc
+++ b/paludis/util/safe_ofstream_TEST.cc
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ namespace test_cases
 
         void run()
         {
-            SafeOFStream s(FSPath::cwd() / "safe_ofstream_TEST_dir" / "new");
+            SafeOFStream s(FSPath::cwd() / "safe_ofstream_TEST_dir" / "new", -1, false);
             TEST_CHECK(s);
             s << "foo";
             TEST_CHECK(s);
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ namespace test_cases
 
         void run()
         {
-            SafeOFStream s(FSPath::cwd() / "safe_ofstream_TEST_dir" / "existing");
+            SafeOFStream s(FSPath::cwd() / "safe_ofstream_TEST_dir" / "existing", -1, false);
             TEST_CHECK(s);
             s << "foo";
             TEST_CHECK(s);
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ namespace test_cases
 
         void run()
         {
-            SafeOFStream s(FSPath::cwd() / "safe_ofstream_TEST_dir" / "existing_sym");
+            SafeOFStream s(FSPath::cwd() / "safe_ofstream_TEST_dir" / "existing_sym", -1, false);
             TEST_CHECK(s);
             s << "foo";
             TEST_CHECK(s);
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ namespace test_cases
 
         void run()
         {
-            TEST_CHECK_THROWS(SafeOFStream(FSPath::cwd() / "safe_ofstream_TEST_dir" / "existing_dir"), SafeOFStreamError);
+            TEST_CHECK_THROWS(SafeOFStream(FSPath::cwd() / "safe_ofstream_TEST_dir" / "existing_dir", -1, false), SafeOFStreamError);
         }
 
         bool repeatable() const
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ namespace test_cases
 
         void run()
         {
-            TEST_CHECK_THROWS(SafeOFStream(FSPath::cwd() / "safe_ofstream_TEST_dir" / "existing_perm"), SafeOFStreamError);
+            TEST_CHECK_THROWS(SafeOFStream(FSPath::cwd() / "safe_ofstream_TEST_dir" / "existing_perm", -1, false), SafeOFStreamError);
         }
 
         bool skip() const
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ namespace test_cases
             bool threw(false);
             try
             {
-                SafeOFStream s(FSPath("/dev/full"));
+                SafeOFStream s(FSPath("/dev/full"), -1, false);
                 TEST_CHECK(s);
                 s << "foo";
                 TEST_CHECK(! s);
diff --git a/src/clients/accerso/accerso.cc b/src/clients/accerso/accerso.cc
index 072aa6889..c8e109c33 100644
--- a/src/clients/accerso/accerso.cc
+++ b/src/clients/accerso/accerso.cc
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 
             std::shared_ptr<SafeOFStream> outf;
             if (CommandLine::get_instance()->a_report_file.specified())
-                outf = std::make_shared<SafeOFStream>(FSPath(CommandLine::get_instance()->a_report_file.argument()));
+                outf = std::make_shared<SafeOFStream>(FSPath(CommandLine::get_instance()->a_report_file.argument()), -1, true);
 
             std::ostream & out(outf ? *outf : cout);
 
diff --git a/src/clients/adjutrix/downgrade_check.cc b/src/clients/adjutrix/downgrade_check.cc
index 9ab34cde9..aeb7dbdae 100644
--- a/src/clients/adjutrix/downgrade_check.cc
+++ b/src/clients/adjutrix/downgrade_check.cc
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ do_build_downgrade_check_list(NoConfigEnvironment & env)
         bool b(i);
         env.set_accept_unstable(b);
         std::cerr << "Generating " << (b ? "unstable" : "stable")  << "..." << std::endl;
-        SafeOFStream f(output_dir / ((b ? "unstable" : "stable") + std::string(".txt")));
+        SafeOFStream f(output_dir / ((b ? "unstable" : "stable") + std::string(".txt")), -1, true);
         exit_status |= build_one_list(env, f);
     }
 
diff --git a/src/clients/cave/cmd_execute_resolution.cc b/src/clients/cave/cmd_execute_resolution.cc
index a775bf56e..195558fd5 100644
--- a/src/clients/cave/cmd_execute_resolution.cc
+++ b/src/clients/cave/cmd_execute_resolution.cc
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ namespace
                         ));
 
             cout << fuc(fs_writing_resume_file(), fv<'f'>(stringify(resume_file)));
-            SafeOFStream stream(resume_file);
+            SafeOFStream stream(resume_file, -1, true);
             Serialiser ser(stream);
             resume_data.serialise(ser);
         }
diff --git a/src/clients/cave/cmd_graph_jobs.cc b/src/clients/cave/cmd_graph_jobs.cc
index 199378299..39ad3daac 100644
--- a/src/clients/cave/cmd_graph_jobs.cc
+++ b/src/clients/cave/cmd_graph_jobs.cc
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ GraphJobsCommand::run(
 
     std::shared_ptr<SafeOFStream> stream_if_file;
     if (! cmdline.graph_jobs_options.a_graph_jobs_basename.argument().empty())
-        stream_if_file = std::make_shared<SafeOFStream>(FSPath(cmdline.graph_jobs_options.a_graph_jobs_basename.argument() + ".graphviz"));
+        stream_if_file = std::make_shared<SafeOFStream>(FSPath(cmdline.graph_jobs_options.a_graph_jobs_basename.argument() + ".graphviz"), -1, true);
 
     int retcode(0);
 
diff --git a/src/clients/instruo/instruo.cc b/src/clients/instruo/instruo.cc
index 6c74b956a..7b4d1623b 100644
--- a/src/clients/instruo/instruo.cc
+++ b/src/clients/instruo/instruo.cc
@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 
         std::shared_ptr<SafeOFStream> outf;
         if (CommandLine::get_instance()->a_report_file.specified())
-            outf = std::make_shared<SafeOFStream>(FSPath(CommandLine::get_instance()->a_report_file.argument()));
+            outf = std::make_shared<SafeOFStream>(FSPath(CommandLine::get_instance()->a_report_file.argument()), -1, true);
 
         std::ostream & out(outf ? *outf : cout);
 
diff --git a/src/output/console_install_task.cc b/src/output/console_install_task.cc
index 6110e3879..f1a53e8d9 100644
--- a/src/output/console_install_task.cc
+++ b/src/output/console_install_task.cc
@@ -1913,7 +1913,7 @@ ConsoleInstallTask::show_resume_command(const std::string & resume_command_templ
             if (-1 != fd)
             {
                 ::fchmod(fd, 0644);
-                SafeOFStream resume_command_file(fd);
+                SafeOFStream resume_command_file(fd, true);
                 resume_command_file << resume_command << endl;
 
                 if (resume_command_file)